Ruth Ferrero-Turrión European Sovereignty Commentary on the Findings of the Survey in Spain HIGH IDENTIFICATION WITH EUROPE Spain has traditionally viewed the EU as a key element in its modernisation process, as well as being considered essential in the process of political change towards democracy. This has meant that the EU has always been viewed in terms of what could be called’naïve Europeanism’, a Europeanism devoid of self-criticism towards the processes and decision-making that have been adopted from Brussels. bourg(90 %). Another of the data provided by the Euroba­rometer was the high identification with the EU and with the idea of Europe(71% feel attached to the EU and 73 % to Europe), well above the European average(55 % and 64 % respectively). Spaniards also have much more confi­dence in supranational institutions such as the European Union, or even the United Nations, than in national institu­tions, including national parties, governments and parlia­ments. Public opinion has always been favourable to the processes of Europeanisation that have been progressively implement­ed. The data provided by the Eurobarometer survey are, in this sense, enlightening and help to understand the ambig­uous response of Spaniards in relation to European sover­eignty. As can be seen in these graphs, the only time when adher­ence to EU membership declined was as a consequence of the economic crisis that began in the last quarter of 2007, when Spaniards felt that Europe had not only failed to re­spond adequately, but that citizens of southern Europe had been singled out as’freeloaders’ by states such as Germany or the Netherlands and other’frugal’ states. However, the Standard 92 Eurobarometer(autumn 2019) showed that Spain is one of the most pro-European and op­timistic countries regarding the way out of the economic crisis. In fact, 9 out of 10 Spanish citizens(88 %) felt that they were EU citizens, the highest value only behind Luxem­Undoubtedly, the syndemic situation in which the entire plan­et, the EU and Spain in particular, find themselves, has also had a decisive and positive effect on citizens’ perceptions of Europe and the benefits of shared European sovereignty. Ac­cording to the published Standard Eurobarometer, number 94, the only institution that gains in confidence on the part of Spaniards is the EU with 52 % compared to the European av­erage of 49 %. On this occasion, however, the feeling of Euro­pean citizenship fell by four points compared to Standard Eu­robarometer No. 92. Part of the explanation can be found in the general disaffection with all institutions that has occurred during the pandemic. Throughout 2020, the concept of European sovereignty has been linked especially to the EU’s ability to deal with this crisis and on the basis that states in isolation could not solve the problem. Since the beginning of 2021, moreover, this issue has been closely linked to the question of access to vaccines and the Commission’s plan for access to vaccines. In contrast to previous crises, confidence in the capacity to manage the