Modernising Journalists’ Trade Unions in Pakistan for the Digital Age A Mapping of Challenges, Needs, and Solutions Foreword The role of journalists and media workers in shaping democratic discourse cannot be overstated. In Pakistan, where the media landscape has witnessed profound transformations over the past two decades, the necessity for strong, representative, and well-organized trade unions has become more pressing than ever. However, despite their critical role, journalists’ unions face persistent challenges which have a severe impact on their ability to advocate for workers’ rights, especially their own safety, and safeguard press freedoms. This study, conducted by the Institute for Research, Advocacy and Development(IRADA) funded by Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung(FES) Pakistan and the International Federation of Journalists(IFJ), provides a much-needed mapping and analysis of journalists’ trade unions in Pakistan. It examines their structure, challenges, and opportunities, offering insights into how these unions can modernize, enhance inclusivity, and better protect media workers in an evolving digital and political landscape. By identifying key gaps in labour rights, legal frameworks, and organisational strategies, this study aims to contribute to strengthening trade unionism in the media sector. We hope the findings and recommendations presented here will serve as a valuable resource for journalists, policymakers, and labour rights activists as well as academics committed to fostering a more democratic and rights-based environment for media professionals in Pakistan. We extend our gratitude to all those who contributed to this research and reaffirm our commitment to supporting the social justice and democratic values in Pakistan. Felix Kolbitz Country Director Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung(FES) Pakistan Abdullah Dayo Programme Advisor Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung(FES) Pakistan iii