Modernising Journalists’ Trade Unions in Pakistan for the Digital Age A Mapping of Challenges, Needs, and Solutions to each group, so unity is only possible if a selfless leader emerges in the union, who meets people, resolves their issues, and garners the support of the majority. Unity can only be achieved under such circumstances; otherwise, it is not feasible.” Fauzia Kalsoom Rana laments:“Despite claims of embracing modern techniques, the unions’ actions contradict their words. Annually, they promise to launch a website that functions, but each new cabinet fails to deliver. The existing digital presence has incomplete representation within unions, which lack proper member databases. Even collected data is not streamlined, and the unions rely on unverified WhatsApp groups instead of official digital channels. This inconsistency raises doubts about their commitment to modernisation. Furthermore, the unions neglect democratic principles by appointing office bearers instead of holding regular elections, as seen in the case of the RIUJ. This lack of transparency and accountability undermines the unions’ credibility and effectiveness.” Dr Sadia Kamal rues inadequate democratic commitments.“Many unions bypass democratic processes by selecting leaders instead of holding representative and fair elections, resulting in a lack of accountability and transparency. To address this, unions should register and follow established procedures, including displaying membership lists on their websites. Unfortunately, this is not happening, leading to the exploitation of media workers who are denied facilities and resources, which are concentrated in the hands of a few individuals. I fear this situation is unlikely to change in the near future.” Sheher Bano , Vice President PFUJ Karachi Rana Azeem faction, says,“To ensure membership lists are non-controversial during union elections, unions should keep accurate, up-to-date records and conduct regular independent scrutiny. Promoting transparency through clear communication of election rules, secure voting systems, and incorporating member feedback can further enhance election credibility and trust. The process of scrutiny is practiced here in PFUJ that lists are displayed for all members to see and file objections, if any. If the proofs are authentic then any member can be removed from the membership.” 4.1.5. Insufficient Resources Journalists’ unions in Pakistan face acute financial struggles. Economic instability, limited resources, and an entrenched mindset resistant to change significantly hinder the modernisation of the unions centered on 19