Modernising Journalists’ Trade Unions in Pakistan for the Digital Age A Mapping of Challenges, Needs, and Solutions the PFUJ faction led by Afzal Butt, he stays in power by bringing people who are not known and who follow his instructions. In a true democratic system, the new leadership is given a fair chance to grow and they come to power automatically as a result of the process.” Amir Suhail, the vice president of PFUJ-Rana Azeem faction further agrees: “Unions can become more democratic by implementing best practices such as imposing term limits for key leadership positions. This ensures that leadership roles do not become entrenched, allowing for regular turnover and opportunities for fresh ideas and perspectives to emerge. Imposing term limits can also prevent stagnation and encourage a more dynamic, forward-thinking approach to union management.” 4.1.7. Top-Down Approach, Not Grassroots Level Journalists’ unions in Pakistan currently face significant challenges due to their reliance on a top-down approach, which prioritises maintaining the power of established leaders over addressing the needs of emerging journalists. This dynamic perpetuates stagnation within the union system, as new voices and issues are often overlooked. The lack of inclusivity and transparency further alienates upcoming journalists, hindering their engagement with the union. To foster a more responsive and effective organisation, unions must shift towards a grassroots model that empowers all members, encourages diverse leadership, and actively involves journalists in decision-making processes. Fauzia Kalsoom Rana concurs:“Existing leaders may resist changes to the status quo, maintaining their grip on power. Absence of term limits or effective enforcement enables leaders to stay in power indefinitely. Members may be hesitant to challenge existing leaders or support new ones due to uncertainty or fear of reaction. Leaders may maintain power by rewarding loyalists and suppressing dissenting voices. Political or corporate interests may exert pressure to maintain a specific leadership or status quo. In addition, deep-rooted cultural and societal norms may prioritise seniority and experience over new perspectives and leadership. Another reason is the inadequate mechanisms for transparency, accountability, and internal democracy that enables leaders to maintain power unchecked.” Dr Tauseef Ahmed says,“Journalists’ unions today are not functioning as true trade unions rather as public relations entities focused on securing government funding instead of member contributions. The leadership is disconnected from the principles of trade unionism and avoids engaging 22