Modernising Journalists’ Trade Unions in Pakistan for the Digital Age A Mapping of Challenges, Needs, and Solutions Plant Levet Union/ Unit Often, units may also be established within the offices of newspapers, electronic media, news agencies, TV news channels, or FM radio stations, provided there are at least three full members. These units are tasked with ensuring that union agreements are upheld within their respective workplaces. Each unit will conduct secret ballot elections to appoint a Chief and up to two Deputy Chiefs. These leaders will handle issues related to working conditions, address member grievances, maintain records, manage contributions, and liaise with the executive council of the union. The unit Chief may serve as an ex-officio member of the executive council but without voting rights. Importantly, editors or heads of media organisations cannot be elected as Chiefs or Deputy Chiefs of a unit to avoid conflicts of interest. 6.1.3. Second Tier: Biennial Delegated Members The second tier of a typical PFUJ faction structure consists of the Biennial Delegated Members(BDM). This body is made up of delegates elected from the various journalist unions and constitute the plenary session of the PFUJ elections. In one faction, for example,“every affiliated Union is entitled to send one delegate for every 35 Full Members on their rolls as they existed on December 31 of the preceding year. However, an affiliated Union with less than 300 full members shall be entitled to send one delegate for every 15 Full Members.” These Delegates are elected by affiliated Unions at their General Meetings held not later than three weeks prior to the date fixed for the Delegates Meeting and their names shall be intimated to the Secretary General of the PFUJ. 14 The primary purpose of the BDM is to function as an electoral college. The members of the BDM elect the office bearers of the PFUJ, which include 14. See Chapter VI(Delegates Meeting) of the Constitution of PFUJ – Afzal Butt Group – for election of Delegates Members. According to Article 8 of the Constitution of Rana Azeem group,“Every affiliated union is entitled to elect one delegate for every 50 full members on their rolls as they existed on the voters list of the preceding year, provided that an affiliated union with less than 3 hundred full members shall be entitles to elect one delegate for every 20 full members. The delegate shall be the full member of the concerned affiliated union. The delegates shall be elected by the members of the affiliated unions at their General meeting/ elections held not later than two months prior to the date fixed for the delegates Meeting/PFUJ elections. 43