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Montenegro: who does (not) have a seat in parliament?
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STUDY UNEQUAL DEMOCRACIES MONTENEGRO: WHO DOES(NOT) HAVE A SEAT IN PARLIAMENT? Women, as well as both younger and older generations, remain underrepre­sented in the Montenegrin Parliament, where middle-aged men dominate, reinforcing gender and age imbalances and limiting diversity and intergenera­tional equity. Parliament is predominantly composed of members with university degrees, thereby excluding the majority of citi­zens without higher education and reinforcing structural inequalities in political participation, making educa­tional disparity a defining characteristic of its composition. Olivera Komar and Slaven Živkovi ć July 2025 Members largely come from higher-in­come, service-oriented professions, marginalizing lower-income groups and weakening advocacy for their interests, which shows occupational and income bias in the Parliament.