populist movements that frame feminism as a foreign intrusion. These dynamics illustrate both the potential and fragility of feminist approaches in the region: progress in one arena often sits uneasily alongside resistance or regression in another. Within this context, this report examines how feminist principles can be integrated into international policy across the region. By analysing state policies and the role of civil society, we seek to: → Contribute to knowledge by providing a grounded, context-specific, and evidence-based analysis of how feminist principles are currently interpreted, adopted, or resisted across the region’s various international policy frameworks. → Evaluate opportunities and barriers to embedding feminist approaches across key international policy domains, with particular attention to political, institutional, socio-cultural, and geopolitical dynamics across the region. → Identify entry points and best practices where feminist principles are already influencing policy outcomes in key domains, such as trade, development cooperation, climate diplomacy, peace and security, migration, and regional integration. → Engage with regional specificities by applying intersectional, decolonial, and feminist perspectives that account for local contexts, sensitivities, and histories of activism. → Generate actionable recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, and civil society actors, offering practical strategies for embedding feminist principles into governance frameworks at both national and regional levels. → Foster dialogue among policymakers, international organisations, and feminist movements, bridging global debates on feminist foreign and development policy with the realities and priorities of the Asia-Pacific to advance the adaptation of feminist principles in policymaking. This report assesses the intersection of feminist international relations(IR) theory, international policy domains, and the Three Rs analytic framework. Chapter 1 sets out the conceptual foundations, defining what we mean by international policy, outlining the relevance of feminist IR theory, introducing the Three Rs of rights, representation, and resources, and explaining the research methodology. Chapter 2 provides a current state analysis, beginning with the Asia-Pacific’s geopolitical context, mapping regional trends in gender equality, and surveying how feminist principles have been adopted or resisted across trade, climate change and disaster response, diplomacy, development cooperation, peace and security, and migration. Chapter 3 presents case studies of Australia, Indonesia, Mongolia, and Pakistan, providing in-depth examinations of national contexts, policy approaches, and constraints. Chapter 4 highlights existing best practices and localised strategies, including models of successful implementation and civil society innovations that demonstrate how feminist principles are being adapted across the region. Chapter 5 synthesises these insights into a comprehensive set of policy recommendations and domain-specific entry points, identifying where and how feminist principles can be effectively embedded within Asia-Pacific governance and international cooperation. 1.1 Feminist international relations theory Feminist International Relations(IR) scholarship provides more than a theoretical foundation for this study; it offers analytical tools for understanding how power operates and how gendered inequalities are sustained or challenged through international policy. Since the late 1980s, feminist thinkers have shown that conventional IR—with its focus on military power, sovereignty, and“protector” myths—has systematically overlooked the lived realities of women and marginalised communities. Cynthia Enloe’s(2014) reminder that“the personal is international” reveals how unpaid care work, the exploitation of women’s labour in global supply chains, and the gendered politics of military bases are not peripheral issues but the very essence of global power relations. Ann Tickner(1992) argued that dominant conceptions of security have sidelined human needs and entrenched gendered hierarchies, showing how state-centric doctrines often produce insecurity for women and communities. Feminist political economists also show how divisions of labour, austerity policies, care deficits, and the burdens of social reproduction shape the outcomes of international trade, development, and security policies. The adaptation of feminist principles in international policy— whether through regional agreements or global compacts— has informed the approaches of early proponents of FFP, including Sweden and Canada. But today, these interventions are directly relevant to the Asia-Pacific policy context. The Filipino women migrant workers sustain economies across the Gulf and East Asia but remain inadequately protected by international labour regimes. Similarly, in Pakistan, a deep-rooted security doctrine in a conflict-prone region continues to dominate foreign policy, leaving limited room for human-centred, gender-responsive approaches. In contrast, the Maldives has pioneered gender-responsive climate financing, reflecting women’s heightened vulnerability to rising seas and offering a model of feminist-informed policy innovation in the region. Feminist IR gives us the language and analytical depth to CH 1: Introduction and Analytical Framework 13