7 Introduction Several monographs – analytical or descriptive – of the Labour and Socialist International (1923-1940) and the Socialist International(1951-) in different languages exist. Also interna­tional co-operation between two or more parties has been analysed, and in this way central aspects of social-democratic/socialist internationalism have been highlighted. However, the smaller Internationals have only, at best, been treated in organizational histories published by and for the organizations themselves. All in all, neither the large nor the small Internationals have been analysed as they saw themselves through their publications or from the point of view of their efforts as seen from the outside. Some of these Internationals have been almost forgotten or are only known by a few, highly specialized, scholars. E.g. the Socialist Union of Central-Eastern Europe(SUCEE) has been forgotten since 1990, the International Federa­tion of the Socialist and Democratic Press(IFSDP) probably does not exist any more, the Asian Socialist Conference played a role in the 1950ies, but who has ever heard of the Interafrican Socialist or can place it in time? But all these organizations have or had quite a role to play. If their efforts were to be analysed and understood, the most important material – the publications of these organizations – had to be located. The material probably existed, but where, in which archives and libraries? This bibliography aims to register all publications of the various Social-Democratic and Socialist Internationals in the period from 1914 to 2000, whether they are printed or, as in some cases, mimeographed. The criterion for inclusion is wether the publications were intended to be used also outside the organization, that is all material intended for use only internally in the different Internationals has been excluded. For the same reason publications published by the secretaries or presidents of the Internationals, e.g. Camille Huysmans, Friedrich Adler, Albert Carthy and others, more or less on behalf of the Internationals have been included. The reason for setting the starting point in 1914 is that in his bibliography on the Second International, Georges Haupt made the planned Congress of the International in Vienna August 1914 the last one to be included. 1 Although this bibliography begins in 1914, the activities of the Women's International and the Youth International during the First World War have not been included – the split in the Labour movement, which became apparent on August 4, 1914, left these organizations outside the Social-Democratic sphere. They must in the main be considered part of the left wing which in 1919 established itself as the Communist International. The bibliography on the Communist International by Vilem Kahan, of which only volume 1 has as yet been published, begins in 1919, but may include the material of these Internationals in the forthcoming volumes. 2 The different Fourth Internationals – of which the various Trotskyist international organizations partly have been covered by Petra and Wolfgang Lubitz 3 – also falls outside the scope of the present bibliography. Even if some of these Internationals were founded before 1914, e.g. the Labour Sports International(1913-) and the International Friends of Nature(1895-), only material published in 1914 or later has been included. It has not been possible to locate material from the International Association of Socialist Lawyers, which probably existed between 1928 and 1940 and the International League of Religious Socialists; furthermore the Secretary of the 1 Georges Haupt: La deuxième Internationale 1889-1914. Etude critique des sources. Essai bibliographique, Paris 1964. 2 Vilem Kahan: Bibliography of the Communist International(1919-1979), vol. 1, Leiden 1990. 3 Petra and Wolfgang Lubitz: Trotsky bibliography. An international classified list of publications about Leon Trotsky and trotskyism 1905-1988, München 1999; Trotsky serial bibliography 1927-1991. With locations and indices, München 1993.