here into two categories. A first category will focus on cases of fraud that occur or may occur outside the institutions of election management, meaning by people who are not members of the electoral commission or of its branches. As for the second category, it presents cases of fraud which are committed within the electoral commission, by members of the commission or of its branches and other electoral agents. The fundamental question here is what legal measures to take so that the commission could help to control fraud and electoral corruption. The search for the challenge mentioned above needs to take into consideration a number of factors that help to determine the capacities of the commission in terms of fight against electoral fraud. The relationship between the commission and the judiciary as already mentioned, as well as those that should bind the commission to public security forces, is an important part of the issue. It is also important to determine in a pertinent way a subsidiary principle in the sharing of the functions, depending on the type of fraud(and those who commit it), between the commission and the other actors as well as within the commission itself. The search of solutions to the phenomenon must also take into consideration the complexity of the problem. Electoral fraud is committed at every level of the process – meaning before, during and after the elections. It is also done by every actor involved in the process, from the ordinary citizen to actors of the commission, political parties, representatives of civil society organizations, and members of other institutions in the electoral process. It appears in various ways, for example by manipulating the voters, the institutions or the administrative procedures. 163
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