• Use of incitement laws or provisions to punish journalists or media organizations that write stories or articles critical of government officials. • Use of laws on false publication to intimidate or harass journalists and media organizations. • Use of civil litigation to harass and intimidate journalists and media organizations. Economic Challenges • Denial of advertising revenue from government and big businesses because of unfavourable coverage • Ban on purchase of publications that write critical or negative stories or articles about the government, officials or even companies. • Dismissal of journalists from their jobs for writing negative or critical stories or articles, especially in State-owned media. • Non-payment of salaries to journalists or excessively long delays in the payment of salaries resulting in financial pressures on them. • Prohibitive costs of defending libel cases against journalists and media organizations. • Award of excessively high monetary damages against journalists and media organizations in cases of civil libel. • Punitive demotions of journalists for writing critical or negative stories or articles, especially in State-owned media. Other Challenges • Possibility of assassination or murder of media professionals who investigate or report cases of corruption or write other negative stories or articles. • Torture of journalists who write negative or critical stories or articles, usually to get the source of the information. • Assault and beating of journalists who write negative or critical stories or articles. • Possibility of kidnapping or disappearance of journalists investigating or reporting on sensitive issues • Possibility of arson or bombing of media facilities for investigating or reporting on sensitive issues or for writing negative or critical stories or articles. • Forcing journalists to flee or go into exile or underground for writing negative or critical stories or articles. • Arrests and detention of journalists for writing negative or critical articles or stories.