6. Community resilience: PES initiatives often involve the active participation of local communities. Communities have a keen interest in advancing climate and disaster resilience in the context of local livelihoods and other elements in human settlements. By engaging communities in conservation efforts and sustainable practices, PES initiatives can enhance community resilience to disasters with anticipatory actions that foster knowledge sharing, social cohesion, and preparedness. 7. Early Warning Systems(EWS): One approach to PES is to allocate funds for the development and maintenance of local, integrated early warning systems that can be integrated with wider EWS systems provided by government agencies to improve disaster preparedness and responsiveness of the community and trade-groups. This could include setting up weather monitoring stations, alert systems, and communication networks. Some of the features of the EWS of'Save The Hills, 13 a community-based operation established to provide timely and accurate information on impending landslides to vulnerable communities in the Kalimpong district in West Bengal, India may be seen below. a. The system includes a number of automated weather stations supported by a network of trained volunteers who monitor local conditions for signs of landslides, such as changes in rainfall patterns, ground movement, and cracks in buildings. b. The EWS is complemented by a system of community­based mitigation measures, such as the construction of drainage channels and retaining walls. These measures are designed to reduce the risk of landslides and to help communities cope with the impacts of landslides that do occur. c. The EWS has been successful in reducing the number of deaths and injuries from landslides in Kalimpong and surrounding areas. d. Arguably, the system helped the population living on the banks of River Teesta in North Bengal, India, during the recent(October 2023) Sikkim glacial lake outburst flood event. ¹³Save The Hills is a group of concerned ci zens who are raising awareness about landslides in Darjeeling-Sikkim Himalayas in India. 11 8. Green infrastructure and NbS: PES funds allocated to NbS, such as green infrastructure and ecosystem restoration, can be cost-effective and sustainable approaches to DRR. 9. Stakeholder collaboration and risk governance: PES interventions requires collaboration between various stakeholders, including government agencies, NGOs, communities, and private sector actors. This collaborative network can also establish a disaster risk governance mechanism that promotes coordination and drives efficient use of resources to reduce risk. 10. Livelihood diversification: Since PES creates economic opportunities through eco-friendly livelihood options like ecotourism or sustainable agriculture, it is a viable mechanism to diversify livelihoods. By reducing dependence of vulnerable sectors in the local economy, the community's vulnerability to disasters is also reduced. 11. Insurance and risk financing: PES schemes can be linked to insurance and risk financing mechanisms to bring a range of values to at-risk communities. For instance, payments may be contingent on maintaining specific risk reduction measures, providing an added layer of financial protection against disasters. By embracing Eco-DRR, stakeholders foster a holistic and sustainable approach that enhances the intrinsic value of ecosystems and their critical role in building resilience to natural hazards while offering multiple pathways to economic benefits. 2.7 Data readiness for PES plus Eco-DRR One of the significant challenges that often deters administrators to venture into PES is to do with data readiness and implementing the process of tracking results. In fact, in a recent article by the CFA Institute, the author calls out the lack of investor-ready data as the key missing ingredient for institutional finance to vest into NbS(CFA Institute 2022). In many ways,'data readiness' is a misnomer, the work done by MBMA and the World Bank on PES clearly highlights that information and information management systems must be built ground­up. Data readiness to support a functional and vibrant NbS market to advance the common good usually includes two fundamental enablers. Payments for Ecosystem Services