ITALY RESOURCES TO THE CLIMATE TRANSITION AND ENERGY SECTOR Italy is the country which has received the highest share of resources for the recovery,€68.9 billion in grants and€122.6 billion in loans to be invested between 2021 and 2026. Particularly, the plan allocates 37% of the resources to the climate transition, focusing on the im­plementation of green hydrogen valleys, specifically in dismissed existing inactive industrial plants already con­nected to the electricity grid. The Italian NRRP highlights the importance of encom­passing complementary and adaptation reforms outside the NRRP but that are crucial for the success of the NRRP measures, as the national budgetary fund of€31 billion and the Development and Cohesion Fund 2021­2027 as an integration to the NRRP. AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR The Italian NRRP does not mention any intervention for the expected job losses in the automotive sector, despite several jobs being at risk(Magneti Marelli, Case 7, Table 2; Bosch in Bari, Case 6, Table 2; Maserati Stellantis in Grugliasco, Case 9, Table 2). 53 PLACE SPECIFIC The Italian NRRP does not identify specific places, only the general case, specifically the conversion of the steel sector, the production, use and supply of green hydrogen, and agri-solar parks. The Italian NRRP mentions the long history of the steel sector in Italy and the need to decarbonise the produc ­tion process of steel by deploying green hydrogen. A plan is provided in relation to the transition toward a“green steel” production of Taranto’s steel plant(Case 11, Table 1) where 20,000 jobs are at risk. 54 The Hydrogen Valley in the city of Terni(Case 8, Table 1) will use the hydrogen for the production of steel(see also Cases 9 55 and 10 56 , 57 in Table 1). In addition, the Italian NRRP addresses the climate transition through the promotion of“agri-solar” parks(Case 7, Table 1) 58 and the production of batteries for EV engines in the transport sectors and of vehicles (gigafactory in Scaramagno, 59 Case 13, Table 1; giga­factory in Termoli, 60 Case 9, Table 1), to increase Italian competitiveness and create new jobs by investing in hu­man capital and upskilling. GENDER The Italian NRRP aims at fostering female education in STEM subjects, 61 but the NRRP does not directly address it in relation to the climate transition. However, the NRRP directly refers to gender inequality in the climate-friendly renovation and construction of public residential hous­ing. Because of gender imbalances in household roles, mostly women are single parents and suffer from hous­ing shortages more than men. POLICY CHALLENGES AND POLICY ACTIONS FOR A JUST CLIMATE TRANSITION FIVE RECOVERY PLANS IN COMPARISON 25