Just and secure access to adequate and affordable housing unattractive for low-income residents because transport costs, connectivity to jobs and other economic activities be­come a challenge(HMS, 2012). Most of the land in appropriate locations is in central locations that are deemed high value. The government and other housing developers often do not use this for affordable housing. However recent trends show densification proj­ects such as the Magomeni high rise af­fordable housing targeted for salaried civil servants as well as former residents of the cleared houses. Explanations as to why informal settle­ments and housing grow in Tanzania indicate land as an important element because informal land is available in negotiable plot sizes thus largely af­fordable compared to formally planned plots. However, some form of planning is desirable to safeguard public safety and ensure that space is provided for critical urban services. Densification and use of land in the inner city for vertical housing development to house the poor or the allocation of planned plots on the same reduces the spatial exclusion of poor urban residents. Financing Housing finance especially housing micro-finance is another critical input to promote access to affordable hous­ing because it facilitates a portfolio of saving schemes that poor households can use for housing construction and improvement(see Tumsifu Jonas Nnkya in this edition). For example, in 1972 the government established the Tanza­nia Housing Bank(THB) mandated to provide loans for housing construction. The bank however collapsed in 1995 having provided only14,000 mortgag­es(Komu, 2011). Ever since then there has not been an institution for hous­ing finance and it is only recently that private banks in Tanzania and an NGO­led housing micro-finance institutions (HMFI) are providing loans tailored to support the incremental process of housing development done by many poor households specifically for hous­ing development(CAHF, 2021:234). HMFIs provide loans for land purchase, housing construction in stages as well as housing improvements. Social Housing Social housing is not prominent, but necessary to cater for the poorest who cannot afford or have accessing to housing for example the elderly, peo­ple-living-with HIV-AIDS; women fac­ing domestic abuse and so on. Social housing is also a means towards social protection for individuals who fall into poverty. In Dar es Salaam, subsidized housing is provided by institutions such as the Social Welfare Department in the Ministry and other charitable or­ganizations and Faith-Based-Organi­zations. Example of such facilities in­83