Building the Just City in Tanzania: Essays on Urban Housing ba in this edition). Self-built houses are often unfinished in absence of finan­cial resources. Others who could not build their own houses end up in rental housing, often in informal settlements. Subsequently, the demand for housing has been on the rise for some years. The 2018 draft Housing Policy indicates that there was a deficit of about 1.2 million housing units in Tanzania, with Dar es Salaam accounting for over a third of this deficit. Moreover, addition­al urban housing needs by 2025 are es­timated to be nearly 1.9 million units. Both the public and private sectors are involved in the supply of housing. While public authorities produce less, the pri­vate sector accounts for a large propor­tion of the total units built each year. About 90 percent of the housing stock has been self-built by individuals, often in areas without adequate infrastruc­ture services. A substantial number of Tanzania’s houses are built by informal developers, in unplanned settlements 70 percent of the urban population in Tanzania cities live in densely populated informal settlements. 3. Housing, public services and infrastructure Water The Dar es Salaam Water and Sani­tation Authority(DAWASA), a public utility, largely draws its water from the Ruvu River, located about 80 kilometers from the city center, and serves an es­timated 76 percent of the population through household water connections and public water kiosks connected to the network(Hoffman, 2020). In some settlements lacking utility provision, municipal councils and NGOs have established independent borehole schemes managed by local communi­ties. Sanitation provisions in the city is challenging. With less than 12 percent of the population connected to under­ground sewers, most residents rely on pit latrines and septic tanks(Hoffman, 2020). This picture clearly demonstrates the acute shortage of water and sani­tation services, particularly in informal settlements where most of the urban poor reside(Hoffman, 2020). Solid waste management Dar es Salaam has grown in population and land area, but there have been minimal efforts to establish sustainable solid waste management. Even though there is a waste management depart­ment at each Dar es Salaam municipal 92