36 Al Hawza of Najaf in Iraq Rhetoric: Al-Balāgha al-Waḍiḥa by Aly al-Garem(d. 1949 AD); Jawāhir al­Balāgha by Ahmad al-Hashimi(d. 1943 AD); and Mukhtaṣar al-Ma‘ānī and Al­Muṭawwal by Sa’ad al-din al-Taftazani(d. 791 AH/ 1390 AD). Logic: The Ḥāshīyya of Mullah Abdullah al-Yazdi’s(d. 981 AH/ 1573 AD) commentary on al-Taftazani’s Tahdhīb al-Manṭiq; Al-Manṭiq by Muhammad Rida al-Muzaffar(d. 1964 AD); and Al-Ishārāt wa-l-Tanbīhāt by Ibn Sina(d. 428 AH/ 1037 AD). Tenets of belief:‘Aqā’id al-’Imāmīyya by Muhammad Rida al-Muzaffar; and Sharḥ al-Bāb al-Ḥādi‘Ashar by Ibn al-Mutahhar al-Hilli(d. 726 AH/ 1325 AD). At a more advanced stage, some students study“Sharḥ Tajrīd al-‘Itiqād”(the Tajrīd of Nasir al-Din al-Tusi and Ibn al-Mutahhar al-Hilli’s commentary on it). Jurisprudence: Treatises on practical law(collections of fatwas, usually by the supreme marji‘); Minhāj al-Ṣāliḥīn by Muhsin al-Hakim(d. 1970 AD); Al­Mukhtaṣar al-Nāfi‘ by Ja‘far ibn al-Hasan al-Hilli, known as al-Muhaqqiq(d. 676 AH/ 1277 AD); and Al-Rawḍah al-Bahīyya fī Sharḥ al-Lum‘a al-Dimashqīyya by Zayn al-Din al-Juba‘i al-Amili, known as al-Shahid al-Thani(d. 965 AH/ 1559 AD). Principles of jurisprudence: Durūs fī‘Ilm al-Uṣūl(Parts 1 and 2) by Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr(d. 1980 AD); and Uṣūl al-Fiqh by al-Muzaffar(d. 1964 AD). Phase 2: Intermediate This is an intermediate phase that prepares students for the subsequent phase. The lessons in jurisprudence and principles of jurisprudence are broader and deeper than in the previous phase. The most important books here are: Principles of jurisprudence: Farā’id al-Uṣūl, known as“Al-Rasā’il,” by Murtada al-Ansari(d. 1281 AH/ 1864 AD); Kifāyat al-Uṣūl by Kazim al­Khurasani, known as Akhund(d. 1329 AH/ 1911 AD); or Durūs fī‘Ilm al-Uṣūl (Part 3) by Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr. Jurisprudence: Al-Makāsib by Murtada al-Ansari(d. 1281 AH/ 1864 AD). Phase 3: Outside research This is the most advanced phase of Shi‘ite studies in Shari‘a sciences and is similar to doctoral studies at a modern university. It is called outside research