THE RESOURCES OF THE MARJA‘IYYA AND HAWZA, AND THEIR HISTORICAL EVOLUTION 107 1. Al-Kafeel Company for General Investments. 2. Al-Kafeel Hospital-Karbala. 3. Al-Kafeel Hospital-Babylon. 4. Al-Kafeel Residential Complex. 5. Al-Kafeel Technical Garage. 6. Al-Afaf Shopping Mall. 7. Al-Kafeel Radio and Institute. 8. Al-Kafeel Center for Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation. 9. An ice factory. 10. Al-Sajjad Warehouses. 11. The first schools and cultural center project. 12. The second schools and cultural center project. 13. Islamic Center for Strategic Studies. 14. The educational complex in Najaf Governorate(University of Alkafeel). 15. Al-Shaykh al-Mufid Complex. 16. Jannat Al-Kafeel Apartments. 17. Al-Nasr Advanced City. THE WEALTHY MARJI‘ OR THE WEALTH OF THE MARJI‘ – WHICH CAME FIRST? The money and power of the marji‘: Iranian institutionalism versus Najafi traditionalism in managing money and the marja‘iyya The hawza rests principally on two pillars, the marji‘ and the students, in a customary hierarchy based on the phases of study and not on specific positions in accordance with legal mechanisms. The marji‘ sits at the top of the pyramid, appointed by his office, which is mostly subject to the sons or sons-in-law of the marji‘, or both together, and individuals who have clout because the marji‘ and his close associates trust them. Outside that office, the rest of the pyramid consists of a teacher who instructs students at a lower academic phase than himself, and they in turn teach those lower than themselves, from the outside research phase through the intermediate phase and down to the preliminary phase. The marji‘ therefore needs his presence to be sustained among the students and, more comprehensively, for the hawza’s presence to survive in its location, for example, in Najaf. The pillars of this sustainability are a complex mix of relationships, scholarly production, and the senior hawza teachers who are the