Jean-Jacques Konadjé l COTE D’IVOIRE, THE PRICE OF POSITIVE PEACE  Violent youths or social pheno ­menon known as“microbes” The appearance of the phenomenon of “ microbes” has contributed to the increase in youth violence in Côte d'Ivoire. Investi ­gations have shown that this form of banditry has emerged in the aftermath of the post-electoral crisis, more precisely in the municipality of Abobo. Immediately after President Gbagbo's arrest, the country's socio-political context, marked by a" security vacuum", led former com ­batants to ensure security in Abobo. Faced with such a situation, the demobilised soldiers involved in the different groups of transporters of the municipality organised informal security operations around certain sites. This led them to recruit young people known as" les bons petits"(“the good kids”) to ensure security in several areas, with the hidden goal to control the transport sector in the municipality of Abobo. Those“good kids”, their foot soldiers, were also responsible for collec ­ting parallel taxes on all businesses located at the bus station and in the vicinity of Abobo. This network enabled this group of former combatants to collect large sums of money on a daily basis. On 15 October 2012, when, as part of the eviction exercice launched by Minister Anne Ouloto, the traders at the Abobo road station were summoned to clear the premises, the security forces came up against fierce resistance from union leaders who would not hesitate to open fire on them. Despite this showdown, union leaders and their foot soldiers would eventually be ousted. On leaving Abobo road station and town hall, the trade unions, which claim to have been betrayed by the state, reorganised differently. The context would give birth to the first attacks by foot soldiers. Since then, these young people have become ultra-violent and commited melee weapon assaults, sometimes very violent. During their many operations, inspired by the Brazilian film" The City of the Gods", these young people metaphorically call themselves "microbes". The recurrence and cruelty of their acts make the phenomenon of " microbes" very quickly grow in scope. In addition to Abobo, several municipalities in Abidjan, as well as cities within the country, will be the scene of these " microbes" operations. Over time, a new wave of" microbes" has emerged. These groups are now beyond control of trade union leaders and are interconnected. We note that the movements of" microbes" have become empowered and have changed their operating methods. Unlike the first wave, the new generation of" microbes" is more violent. In each of their operations, there are always severe injuries and often fatalities. To prove bravery," microbes" do not hesitate to operate frequently, in the middle of the day and with an open face, as if to show their contempt for the regular security forces. Investigations have shown that not a day goes by without"microbes" killing. This new generation of" microbes" is also engaged in fetishism and mysti ­cism. What must be kept in mind is that the phenomenon of" microbes" has had a profound impact on the way Ivorian society functions. As a source of wides ­pread insecurity, it has brought the debate on internal security into the national spotlight, and has therefore projected the real capabilities of our defence and security forces to combat this phenomenon. Over the past few 13