A N A LY S I S PEACE AND SECURITY RADICALIZATION DURING THE ROUHANI YEARS Iran’s Political Shifts and Their Implications David Jalilvand and Achim Vogt(eds.) March 2021 Political momentum in Iran now lies with the radicals. In the wake of U.S. sanctions, President Hassan Rouhani’s policy of moderation has failed to produce promised economic growth. Political shifts in Iran have up­ended the usual dynamics of inter-factional competition to not only affirm the radicals’ positions, but to also radical­ize the more moderate forces themselves. The hard-liners remain a heterogenous group, with intense disputes over ideology and power. Tehran’s nuclear and regional policies look set to become even more assertive while Iran’s progress in economic diversification renders con­cessions on its part less attractive.