TRADE UNIONS IN TRANSFORMATION 4.0  LABOUR AND SOCIAL JUSTICE UNLIKELY UNIONISTS Organised labour in the Israeli ICT sector Ben September 2020 The expansion and liberaliza­tion of global labour markets have become the catalyst for a labour crisis in Israel’s flag­ship industry, including mass layoffs and subsequent union­ising attempts by ICT workers. Successful organizing in the ICT sector built on the trade un­ion’s ability to mobilise institu­tional power and promote changes in Israeli labour laws. On this basis, the creation of associational power among ICT workers was supported and work councils in previously un­organized workplaces formed. The organising of ICT workers harbours potential for trade union revitalization even ­beyond the sector.