TRADE UNIONS IN TRANSFORMATION 4.0  LABOUR AND SOCIAL JUSTICE DEPLOYING ­HISTORICAL STRENGTH TO SHAPE THE FUTURE SMABC and Industry 4.0 in the Brazilian automobile sector In spite of technological change, unions remain impor­tant agents in the process of applying new technologies, which are neither one-direc­tional nor inevitable. In this process unions have agency and their choices are strategic. In the case of SMABC, ­ associational power was de­cisive at several contentious moments during bargaining with both VWB and MBB with respect to Industry 4.0. Ariella Silva Araujo September 2020 Industry 4.0 demands a»Un­ionism 4.0«: just transition and wide-ranging proposals that respond to the aspirations of the new working classes which are more female, younger and working under increasingly precarious conditions.