A N A LY S I S PEACE AND SECURITY ONE YEAR AFTER THE RE-IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS Perspectives on the strategic implications of the US »maximum pressure« campaign against Iran US sanctions are taking a huge toll on Iran but have failed to extract concessions from Tehran. A year after re-imposition of US sanctions, Washington’s strategic end­game remains unclear. The US»maximum pressure« campaign has incited Iranian bellicosity in the short term and, over the longer term, has weakened the position of those in Tehran calling for ­engagement in foreign and economic affairs. Achim Vogt and David Jalilvand(eds.) November 2019 Europe is becoming less and less relevant to both Tehran and Washington. Although a European-Iranian foundation is lacking on which to build a joint strategy to salvage the agreement, there are steps Europe could take in order to advance its interests in the context of the nuclear deal.