Publikationen der Stiftung → Determinants of female labour force participation in South Asia
Publikationen der Stiftung → Determinants of female labour force participation in South Asia
Inhalt
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- List of Acronyms
- Preface
- Executive Summary
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Factors affecting Female Labour Force Participation
- 2.1. Income levels
- 2.2. Culture/Norms
- 2.3. Legal Barriers
- 2.4. Education
- 3. Theoretical Considerations
- 3.1. Human Capital Theory
- 3.2. Theory of Labour Supply
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- 4. Women’s Labour Force Participation
- Figure 1: Labour force participation rate by gender and region (%), 2020
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- 4.1. Regional Outlook
- Figure 2: Comparison of FLFPR in South Asian Countries, 2010-2019
- Figure 3: Industrial composition of employment, 2019
- Figure 4: Industrial composition of employment by gender in South Asia, 2019
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- 4.2. The case of Pakistan: profile and trends
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- 4.3. Exploring the FLFP factors in Pakistan
- 4.3.1. Mobility
- Figure 5: Comparison of Labour force participation rate in Pakistan, 2010-2019
- 4.3.2. Social norms
- 4.3.3. Wages
- 4.3.4. Purdah
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- 4.4. Province-wise analysis of the FLFP situation in Pakistan
- Figure 6: Provincial FLFP level analysis by Quintiles
- Figure 7: FLFP in Pakistan by region and province
- Figure 8: Women’s education and sector of work
- Figure 9: Women’s Contract type
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- 5. Women and Education
- 5.1. Regional Outlook
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- 5.2. Factors for low Education
- 5.3. The case of Pakistan
- Figure 10: Education attainment by gender, 2017-18
- Figure 11: Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP), 1985-2020
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- 6. Empirical Approach and Data
- 6.1. Methodology
- 6.1.1. Source of Data
- 6.1.2. Description of variables
- 6.1.3. Probit Model
- Table 1: Results of the Probit model, 2017-18
- 6.1.4. Empirical Results
- Figure 12: Labour Force Participation (%) by Education levels in Pakistan, 2017-18
- Figure 13: Sector of work based on income levels in Pakistan, 2017-18
- Figure 14: Females with type of contract based on income levels, 2017-18
- Table 2: Number of children based on education levels of women, 2017-18
- 6.2. Limitations of the study
- 6.2.1. Problems of Survey Data Reliability in Pakistan
- 7. Discussion and Outlook
- 7.1. Discussion of Findings
- 7.2. Policy Outlook
- References
- Appendix