Publications of the FoundationFrom criminal peace to citizen's peace
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  • Venezuela has been one of the most violent countries without a formal war. Nevertheless, the debate on the multiple crises, focuses on the political regime and not the underlying conflicts. Approaches to violence reduction by the government include cooperation, cooptation, and repression (criminal peace) while civil society approaches favour dialogue and inclusion of marginalized groups (citizens peace). Peacebuilding needs to improve access to basic goods irrespective of the affiliations with a specific government or political party and find creative ways to do justice to the victims.