The G5-Sahel’s four remaining member states are faced with the challenge of proving the effectiveness of the operation within the context of the region’s unprecedented security and humanitarian challenges. Terrorism and illicit activities continue to spread, as basic needs of the populations remain unmet. Local, international and private military actors within the region present the organization with a further unique security situation. This policy paper analyses the root of the G5-Sahel’s ineffectiveness and explores the wide range of recommendations for the challenges that the region faces.