Compared to other EU countries, Cyprus produces above-average municipal waste, remains heavily dependent on landfills, and lags significantly in recycling and recovery rates. In 2022, Cyprus' municipal waste generation reached 673 kg per capita, significantly surpassing the EU average of 513 kg per capita1. Additionally, 75% of municipal waste is still being landfilled, while recycling rates remain below EU averages, with only 39% of plastic packaging waste being recycled (2022). These figures underscore the scale and urgency of the challenge. Additionally, public concerns have been raised about the oversight of waste infrastructure and the coordination between national and local authorities. Notably, the mismanagement of facilities such as the Limassol Integrated Waste Management Facility (OEDA Pentakomo) has further highlighted systemic weaknesses, including poor governance and a lack of interdepartmental coordination. Furthermore, Cyprus' geographic limitations, combined with its heavy reliance on tourism and import of resources, exacerbate its waste management challenges and further complicate efforts to meet EU waste management targets.