Thailand has pledged to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 and net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2065. Meeting these ambitious targets requires decisive action, particularly in the energy sector, which accounts for more than two-thirds of national CO2 emissions. This publication examines Thailand's evolving climate and energy policy landscape, focusing on its international commitments, the draft Climate Change Act, and the forthcoming Power Development Plan (PDP2024). It highlights the roles of key ministries and stakeholders, the structural challenges of fossil fuel dependence, and the opportunities for accelerating a just and sustainable energy transition. By situating these debates within both national and global contexts, the study sheds light on the choices and trade-offs that will determine whether Thailand can meet its climate ambitions and contribute meaningfully to global climate action.