Publications of the FoundationCritical raw materials
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  • North Macedonia stands at a pivotal moment: its rich mineral resources, once the backbone of local economies, are now caught between global demand for critical raw materials and local resistance to unchecked extraction. The country’s 2013 concession spree, which awarded 71 permits in a single day, has left a legacy of environmental incidents, contested projects, and communities fighting for their right to say no.