The pursuit of water security, fair distribution of water resources, and avoidance of conflicts related to their use and management are crucially linked to the development of a strong water governance framework. This framework is particularly relevant to the critical water situation in the Mediterranean region, highlighting the importance of effective water governance for the region’s sustainable and secure future. The water crisis in the Mediterranean illustrates the impact of good versus poor governance and the dynamics involved in striving for sustainable water resources at a regional level. Presently, the creation of a solid intra-regional water governance framework faces several obstacles, especially due to numerous independent regional initiatives. While there is no one-size-fits all solution for governance issues in the water sector, this brief emphasizes the importance of developing locally adapted, context-specific policies from multi-level governance perspectives.