This policy brief reflects on Turkey's bilateral relations with Afghanistan amid the uncertainty about the nature of the US withdrawal and its impact on national and regional security dynamics. It outlines Ankara's interests and policy trajectories in its eastern neighbourhood

and addresses the question why Turkey, hailed by many as a natural mediator in the Afghan Peace Process, has yet to come forward with a clear strategy. Moreover, focusing on shared concerns regarding displacement and migration, the brief explores the potential for enhanced cooperation between Turkey and the European Union in and on Afghanistan.