As the year 2020 draws to a close, the conflicts and tensions in Syria, Libya and Yemen have been ongoing for nearly a decade, while the conflict in Iraq has been ongoing almost continuously since 2003. In all four conflicts regional and international actors played an ever more important role over the years, whereas European actors had little to no strategies at hand to contribute to a peaceful settlement of these conflicts. This edited volume presents 13 papers, dealing with different aspects of regional involvements in these conflicts. At the end of each paper, the reader will find a number of regionally informed policy recommendations, mainly addressing the European community, on how to deal with regional actors in a constructive way and how to potentially mitigate and manage conflicts through a more concerted, active and coherent European involvement in the region.