This policy brief explores Pakistan's engagement with Afghanistan after a U.S. military withdrawal from Afghanistan. It discusses how increasing uncertainty surrounding the nature of the U.S. withdrawal affects Pakistan's internal and regional security. It asks which scenarios are the most realistic ones and calls for short and mid-term policy adjustments in Kabul, Islamabad, and European countries. It examines Islamabad's future engagement with Afghanistan, highlighting the challenges and prospects for cooperation between the parties beyond the peace process and identifying which factors need to be addressed in EU and regional strategies to mitigate possible conflict effectively.