Currently, the Mozambican trade unions enjoy a legal framework that guarantees the full exercise of union rights. Although in practice they are still faced with numerous obstacles due to the application of the law and to the inefficient monitoring of labour legislation implementation. The reduction of the salaried work force in the formal sector, both public and private, has deprived the trade unions of some of their membership basis, and has thus reduced the membership levels. The publication analyses the transformation of the Mozambican trade unions and the socio-economic situation they face. It provides an overview on the trade unions profiles (CONSILMO and OTM) and the relationship between the government and the trade unions.