Since attaining political independence in 1963, Kenya has been grappling with the persistent problem of unbalanced regional development. The Constitution of 2010 opened up a new chapter of Kenya‘s political history. However, while it provides for radical changes in the running of the affairs of the country, it also creates new avenues for regional socio-economic inequalities to emerge on the basis of the new county structures. This publication seeks to interrogate the dynamics of marginalization and regional disparities in Kenya with a view to proposing policy options for addressing them. Furthermore it wants to help alert about the urgency of founding the new political dispensation on a balanced social and economic underpinning.