International Peace Operations face a multitude of challenges. Recent crises and conflicts suggest that the demand to deploy peace operations will probably not decrease for the foreseeable future. At the same time, the international balance of power is shifting due to the emergence of new powers. Based on insights of a two-year dialogue series of FES and SIPRI, this policy brief explores four challenges: (1) a poisoned debate about peace operations that divides actors; (2) flawed approaches to dealing with the risks of peace operations; (3) an unbalanced approach to burden sharing; (4) overreliance on regionalism.