After a protracted violent conflict, a home-grown state based on a hybrid political order is emerging on the Pacific island of Bougainville in Papua New Guinea. Markedly different from the Weberian notion of statehood, peace, order and security are maintained through the combined efforts of state, customary actors and civil society. Even though the capacity to implement and enforce the »rule of (state) law« is lacking in Bougainville, post-conflict peacebuilding was successful and political order and security have been established on the basis of positive mutual accommodation of introduced state and local customary institutions.