Given the global consensus about the importance of increasing women�s representation in national parliaments, the author explores the impacts of representation on political practice by examining two examples of gender relevant law reform processes in South Africa. She shows that an increased representation does not automatically result in gender sensitive policies. Thus she argues that in order to accomplish substantive, and not just descriptive, representation, debates must focus on the conditions and accountability mechanisms needed, instead of mere numerical parity. These conditions include internal party politics, the type of political system in place and the depth of democracy, linkages with women`s organisations, as well as the creation of spaces where women can hold leadership accountable and voice their demands.