Energy policy in South Korea stands at a crossroads. The Moon Jae-in government, which came to power in early May 2017, pledged to shut down aged nuclear power plants and coal power plants, to abolish plans for new reactors and to expand the share of renewable energy. If carried out, this energy transformation will create windows of opportunities for different stakeholders. This study was conducted to provide a starting point for further debate and analysis and provides incentives for policy makers, academics and civil society to work together towards low-carbon development in South Korea and beyond.