This policy brief explores Uzbekistan’s engagement with Afghanistan in 2021 and beyond, in light of the ongoing U.S. military withdrawal from Afghanistan. The brief discusses how increasing uncertainty surrounding the nature and timing of the U.S. withdrawal could affect Uzbekistan’s regional and domestic security. It examines Uzbekistan’s future engagement with Afghanistan, highlighting key convergence areas around which Europe and Central Asia could cooperate in Afghanistan and find opportunities for broader engagement beyond the current peace process.