This publication in hand seeks to examines the increasing problem of maritime insecurity which impacts heavily on peace and security in Africa. The authors took have taken stock of recent findings regarding the scale and impact of maritime insecurity and its political dimensions but also assessed the impact of old existing and emerging instruments, initiatives, and interventions, especially in the Gulf of Guinea. As part of a bigger FES initiative including which covers other African regions, this publication will serves to feed an African common policy approach to maritime security into the on-going global debate and to enhance policy responses to maritime threats.