Imprint Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung• Geneva Office 6bis, Chemin du Point-du-Jour• 1202 Geneva• Switzerland Responsible: Hubert René Schillinger• Director Yvonne Theemann• Senior Program Officer Phone:++41-22-733-34-50• Fax:++41-22-733-35-45 www.fes-geneva.org United Nations Economic Commission for Africa• African Trade Policy Centre Responsible: David Luke• Coordinator Lily Sommer• Trade Policy Fellow Tel:+251 11 544-9900• Fax:+251 11 551-4416 www.uneca.org The designations used and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa(ECA) concern­ing the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimita­tion of its frontiers or boundaries, or its economic system or degree of development. Designations such as “developed”,“industrialized” and“developing” are intended for statistical convenience and do not nec­essarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. Design and Layout: Shantala Gajek Graphic cover design and all other graphic designs if not otherwise mentioned: Economic Commission for Africa Proof reading: Julia Federico Printed by: Gutenberg Beuys Feindruckerei GmbH, Printed in Germany To order Publications: info@fes-geneva.org All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior per­mission of the co-authors and copyright owner. ISBN: 978-3-95861-859-6 © July 2017