A Case Study of Pakistan Determinants of Female Labour Force in South Asia Figure 3: Industrial composition of employment, 2019 % of total employment 100 90 80 38.1 70 60 50 25.0 40 30 20 36.9 10 0 Pakistan 32.3 25.1 42.6 40.4 25.1 38.3 20.5 15.1 64.4 India Bangladesh Nepal Countries 34.1 10.1 55.8 Bhutan Agriculture Industry Services 47.2 39.0 27.9 25.0 18.5 42.5 Sri Lanka Afghanistan Data source:(The World Bank, 2019b, 2019d, 2019f) Gender-wise distribution of these three sectors i-e Agriculture, Services and Industry show that sectors such as service and industry are mainly dominated by men in almost all selected South Asian countries. However, as seen in figure 4 below, women are highly concentrated in the agricultural sector with the largest gender gaps of 35.4%, 27.43%, 28.4% observed in Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan respectively in 2019. However, as far as Pakistan is concerned, the women share of agriculture in total employment decreased from 35.2% in 2010 to 29.6% in 2018(see Appendix-D). This decreasing rate applies to male LFP as well(Pakistan’s case is explained below in detail). % of total employment Figure 4: Industrial composition of employment by gender in South Asia, 2019 Figure 4: Industrial composition of employment by gender in South Asia, 2019 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Agriculture Services Industry Agriculture Services Industry Agriculture Services Industry Agriculture Services Industry Agriculture Services Industry Agriculture Services Industry Agriculture Services Industry Paksitan India Bangladesh Nepal Countries Male Female Data source:(The World Bank, 2019a, 2019e, 2019c) Sri Lanka Afghanistan Bhutan 15