A Case Study of Pakistan Determinants of Female Labour Force in South Asia from the year 2015. What could explain the trend just explained? So, the next part describes some factors in detail which may help us understand the reasons for low FLFP in Pakistan. Figure 5: Comparison of Labour force participation rate in Pakistan, 2010-2019 % of labourforce particpation 100 90 82.9 82.6 83.1 83.5 82.9 83.7 84.0 84.4 84.7 84.8 80 70 60 50 40 30 22.8 23.2 23.4 23.6 24.1 25.1 24.2 23.4 22.6 22.6 20 10 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Years LFP rate(female%) LFP rate(male%) Source:(Ministry of Statistics, 2018) 4.3. Exploring the FLFP factors in Pakistan There are social, economic, and religious factors behind low FLFP in Pakistan. This part explains how mobility, social norms, wage inequality and religious implications of purdah 1 for women affect the type of work that women are engaged in and their participation probabilities in Pakistan. 4.3.1. Mobility Mobility is one of the significant factors that limit the LFP of women in Pakistan. There is an extensive body of literature that shows how mobility acts as a constraint in Pakistan(Cheema et al., n.d.; T. Khan& Khan, 2006) and even the studies that generally document social issues in Pakistan and do not directly address the FLFP issue, nonetheless, shed light on this problem. For instance, Jacoby& Mansuri(2011) present qualitative evidence relating 1. Purdah is seclusion/secrecy from men or strangers by means of a curtain.(https://www. lexico.com/definition/purdah) 19