imprint ABOUT ThE AUThORS IMPRINT Research Center on Macroeconomics of Inequalities (Made): The Research Center on Macroeconomics of Ine­qualities(Made), based at the University of São Paulo (FEA/USP), is dedicated to understanding and discussing the economic causes and consequences of the multiple facets of inequalities, focusing mainly on the Brazilian reality. Made actively contributes to academic debate and public policy proposals, fostering dialogues between research­ers, policymakers, and representatives of organized civil society. In doing so, it seeks to expand access to eco­nomic knowledge from a critical perspective, theoretically and empirically. Moreover, Made collaborates with other national and international research centers, working to establish the fight against inequalities as a cornerstone of state policies in Brazil and around the world. Published by: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung e. V. Godesberger Allee 149| 53175 Bonn| Germany Email: info@fes.de Issuing Department: Division for International Cooperation/ Global and European Policy https://www.fes.de/referat-globale-und­europaeische-politik Responsible: Sarah Ganter| International Financial Policy sarah.ganter@fes.de Editing: Dr. James A. Turner Design/Typesetting: pertext, Berlin| www.pertext.de Illustrations: edeos – digital communication GmbH Orders/Contact: Katrien Klüver, katrien.kluever@fes.de Made researchers involved in this publication: Amanda Martinho Resende holds a Master’s degree in Economics from the University of São Paulo(USP). She is a researcher at the Center for Research in the Macro­economics of Inequalities(Made/FEA-USP). She has a Bachelor’s degree in Economics from the Federal Uni­versity of Rio de Janeiro(UFRJ) and a Bachelor’s degree in Law, with an emphasis on State and Society, from the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro(PUC-Rio). The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung(FES). Commercial use of media published by the FES is not permitted without the written consent of the FES. Publications by the FES may not be used for electioneering purposes. ISBN 978-3-98628-561-6 © 2024 Guilherme Klein Martins is a professor at the University of Leeds(UK), holds a Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Massachusetts Amherst, and a Master’s and a Bachelor’s degree in Economics from the University of São Paulo(FEA/USP). Guilherme Arthen is a Ph.D. student in Economics at the University of São Paulo(FEA/USP). He holds a Mas­ter’s degree from the same institution. João Pedro Freitas is an undergraduate student in Eco­nomics at the University of São Paulo(FEA/USP). www.fes.de/bibliothek/fes-publikationen