STUDY PEACE AND SECURITY THE RELATIONS BETWEEN CHINA AND SAUDI ARABIA Continuity Amid New Challenges Naser al-Tamimi September 2024 The economic and diplomatic ties between the People’s Republic of China and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have strengthened substantially in recent years despite considerable obstacles. The United States’ approach to the Middle East, whether involving diplomacy, sanctions, or military actions, significantly affects the success of China’s endeavors in the region, especially in Saudi Arabia. While Saudi Arabia has traditionally upheld close ties with the U.S., it has also forged a closer relationship with China. Thus, it remains to be seen how Riyadh navigates the U.S.-China rivalry along regional challenges.