A N A LY S I S PEACEPTIONS FROM CRIMINAL PEACE TO CITIZEN’S PEACE The Case of Venezuela Sabine Kurtenbach, Anais López Venezuela has been one of the most violent countries without a formal war. Never­theless, the debate on the multiple crises, focuses on the political regime and not the underlying conflicts. Approaches to violence reduction by the government include cooperation, coopta­tion, and repression(criminal peace) while civil society approaches favour dialogue and inclusion of marginalized groups(citizens peace). Peacebuilding needs to im­prove access to basic goods irrespective of the affiliations with a specific government or political party and find creative ways to do justice to the victims.