ACTORS: CHINESE COMPANIES AND INDUSTRY ­ASSOCIATIONS Chinese companies Chinese aid projects are implemented by Chinese enterpris­es. In order to participate in tenders for foreign aid projects, companies must apply to MOFCOM’s AIECO for accredita­tion as a“Foreign Aid Enterprise”. Accredited enterprises are invited to bid for the implementation of projects. Com­panies can also propose projects directly to Chinese embas­sies in recipient countries or by lobbying MOFCOM and Chi­na Exim Bank. All overseas activities by Chinese companies, not just development assistance, must be approved by MOF­COM. In practice, CIDCA and MOFCOM have limited con­trol over the conduct of Chinese companies abroad, which has been a recurring concern for the Chinese government. China International Contractors Association(CHINCA) China International Contractors Association(CHINCA) pro­vides overseas research and assistance services to its mem­ber companies through its Engineering and Investment De­partment. It aids companies in conducting(pre-)feasibility studies for turn-key, technical cooperation, and physical as­sets projects commissioned by CIDCA to ensure that feasi­bility studies are conducted in accordance with relevant sys­tems and regulations. CHINCA is also involved in trilateral cooperation projects, e. g., with the German Agency for In­ternational Cooperation(GIZ). The Chinese Aid System 23