Modernising Journalists’ Trade Unions in Pakistan for the Digital Age A Mapping of Challenges, Needs, and Solutions at the grassroots level to evade accountability to workers. Historically, unions were driven by journalists from the Left, but the influence of such groups has declined, and current leadership often engages in commercial practices, distancing themselves from genuine union activities.” So, how to revitalise trade unionism? For this there must be increased awareness among journalists through workshops and training that emphasise the importance of unions for professional freedom and press freedom. Moreover, it’s crucial to distinguish between journalism and other content creation, especially in the realm of social media.” 4.2. External Issues 4.2.1. Decline in Membership The decline in membership within journalists’ unions is a pressing concern, exacerbated by a growing reluctance to include young media practitioners and digital journalists. This situation is attributed to several issues, including the lack of clear criteria for membership and concerns over journalistic ethics in digital journalism. The absence of these upcoming voices weakens the unions, making it difficult to address contemporary issues in journalism. Furthermore, when unions attempt to increase their numbers, they often compromise quality by neglecting a rigorous selection process, which undermines the integrity of the organisation. Dr. Tauseef Ahmed, adds to the discourse.“Even journalists working on contracts are not being granted membership, and everyone involved in creative work, including those producing content, should be eligible for membership in organisations like KUJ and PFUJ. If necessary, laws should be amended to facilitate this inclusion. Membership should definitely be extended to all individuals who are genuinely involved in journalism, including those who are giving their creative efforts in a journalistic form, as well as those working on daily wages, contracts, or as third-party contractors.” A H Khanzada of PFUJ-Dastoor faction states,“There is a growing trend among social media activists who seek membership in press clubs and unions. However, if you are a social media activist or influencer, you should consider forming your own union. The core issue is that these practitioners want membership in the Karachi Union of Journalists without knowing the actual role of trade unions. KUJ factions are thinking of adding these 23