Modernising Journalists’ Trade Unions in Pakistan for the Digital Age A Mapping of Challenges, Needs, and Solutions 4.2.4. Threats to Journalists’ Safety The International Federation of Journalists South Asia Press Freedom Report for 2023-2024 9 highlights significant challenges faced by journalists in Pakistan, a country that has unfortunately earned a reputation as one of the most perilous places for journalism. In this reporting period, four journalists were tragically killed—two in Punjab and two in Sindh—underscoring the heightened risks associated with the profession. A Freedom Network report monitoring impunity-related violations for 2024 said six journalists including a YouTuber, were killed in 2024. The situation for journalists in Pakistan is marked by instability and uncertainty, particularly concerning employment. An IFJ survey led by the Pakistan Federal Union of Journalists(PFUJ) Rana Azeem Group in 2023 revealed alarming statistics: only 39% of media personnel were in permanent positions, while a mere 28% had fixed-term contracts. This reflects a broader trend throughout the country, where precarious employment, low wages, and a lack of benefits are commonplace. Journalists face an environment where job security is minimal, making their roles increasingly difficult. Amid these challenges, there have been strides towards improvement, particularly with the Sindh Protection of Journalists and Media Professionals Act 2021. This landmark legislation, a result of collaborative advocacy efforts by the Pakistan Journalists Safety Coalition(PJSC), is gradually moving towards practical implementation. The PJSC has been instrumental in mobilising the Commission for the Protection of Journalists and Other Media Practitioners(CJMP), established under this Act. Notably, in June 2023, the federal government allocated PKR 1 billion(about$ 5.5 million) to provide health insurance for journalists, marking a significant step towards safeguarding their well-being. Additionally, the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provincial government announced plans in October 2023 to amend endowment rules to enhance financial support for media workers facing crises, including those who have lost their jobs. These initiatives reflect a growing recognition of the need for systemic support for journalists in the country. 9. Artificial Independence: The Fight To Save Media And Democracy, IFJ Report 2023-24: https:// samsn.ifj.org/SAPFR23-24/ 28