4.Risks Assessment According to the EESG Framework 4.1 Environmental Aspect I. Energy and Carbon Electricity PtX production depends on electric power as a main supply that must be sustainable and characterized by both renewability and additionality. Renewability To be considered sustainable, PtX products and their processes should be fossil-free. As such, they should be produced using electricity generated from renewable sources. A loss of available energy will result from converting electricity into hydrogen and PtX products. The electricity required to produce 1 TWh of hydrogen is 1.4 TWh; therefore, power-based hydrogen from water electrolysis will always have a higher greenhouse gas (GHG)-intensity than that of the electricity used for its production. Electricity-based hydrogen is only preferable if the carbon intensity of the electric current used is significantly below 200g CO2/kWh. In 2020, the carbon intensity of power from the Jordan electricity grid was 435 g CO2e/kWh. Therefore, by using electricity from the grid, emissions would not be reduced. In 2020, 80% of Jordan's electricity generated from natural gas and 20% from renewables. By 2022, renewable energy production has raised to 29%, with a national goal of reaching 50% by 2030. Jordan had over than 30 renewable energy companies in 2020, operating 40 renewable energy projects including a mix of wind, solar, biomass, and some hydropower projects. As a result, renewable energy’s share rose from 2% in 2015 to 11% in 2020. In Jordan, solar and wind resources are of good quality and can boost green hydrogen’s production and export potential due to Jordan’s proximity to ports and European markets. The production of green hydrogen could reduce Jordan’s dependency on fossil fuels(the country currently imports 91% of its energy supply in the form of fossil fuels), increase renewable energy production, and drive the country towards climate neutrality by enabling the de-fossilization of hard-to-electrify sectors such as crude oil refining, fertilizer production, gas-fired thermal power plants, urban buses and heavy-duty trucks and port logistics. However, the lack of a comprehensive regulatory framework and water scarcity are crucial issues which must be considered prior to the uptake of PtX production in Jordan Renewability alone, however, is not sufficient to qualify PtX as sustainable, as additionality is also required. Additionality Additional renewable capacity should be dedicated for the energy used for PtX production. Adequate policies and regulations have been established in Jordan to support renewable energy sources, such as solar photovoltaic(PV) energy and wind 16