significantly in the long-term, making DAC a viable long-term solution. DAC technologies are currently expensive and energy intensive, and are still not ready for use in PtX production in the short term. Ersoy, S.R. et al., 2024 studied the use of low­temperature DAC technology in Jordan and stated that it was more advanced than high­temperature DAC technology and could be used if upscaled and more affordable. Biogenic Sources Carbon captured from biogenic sources represented by biogas, bioethanol, solid biomass combustion or fermentation processes can ensure a closed carbon cycle. However, biomass is known to be rare and unevenly distributed. The use of biogenic carbon sources thus has limited scalability and will not be able to satisfy future demand on its own, although it could play an important role in kick-starting the PtX market as it provides sustainable CO ₂ for PtX processes, enabling the production of carbon neutral fuels and chemicals. This synergy supports decarbonization and makes the PtX market more sustainable and scalable. The biomass energy sector is expanding steadily and is currently providing Jordan around 0.1% of its total energy needs(equal to 3.5 MWh of electricity from biomass resources). Jordan is producing biogas energy from Al-Samra Wastewater Treatment Plant WWTP Biogas(Zarqa Governorate), Wadi Shallala WWTP Biogas(Irbid Governorate), Al-Russaifah Landfill Biogas(Zarqa Governorate) and Al-Ghabawi landfill (Amman). There is great potential for the production of biomass in Jordan in the future, although this potential is not currently being exploited. About 96.5% of the biomass produced is composed of animal manure, olive trees and pomace(1.8%), slaughterhouse waste(0.1%), blood(0.5%) and sludge(1.1%). Increasing biomass generation in Jordan could result in the following environmental benefits: • Increased natural capital. • Potential to produce biofuels from municipal, agricultural and industrial waste. • Effective use of resources. • Mitigation and adaptation to climate change. • Decreased dependency on imported fossil fuels. Industrial Point Sources Industrial point sources can assist with the collection of CO2 via Carbon Capture and Usage(CCU) technologies, although they are unable to produce a closed carbon cycle. The use of CCU technologies affects industrial processes, but does present the advantage of lower energy requirements compared to DAC. Recycling industrial carbon emissions may be a viable option for enhancing PtX production. CO2 point sources in Jordan could include the chemical and mining industries. This option would benefit from further study to establish its viability for PtX production. 18